研磨平台,研磨平板

检验平台

研磨平台  用于量具的制造、修理， 制件研磨，高精度机械零件制作，光学仪器的加工。
Lapping Surface Plate is mainly used for manufacturing and repairing measuring tools; grinding and producing machinery parts; manufacturing optical instruments.

  研磨平板 特性：
　　1.操作简单，上砂快，嵌砂量足，使用后仍十分容易上同类型砂，经过打磨后,光洁度显著提高.
　　2.容易得到量块所需的较高光洁度和研合性,工件镜面青亮.
　　3.平板耐用,切削足而持久,轻度导砂后仍有良好的切削性,推研时感觉流畅.
Features of  Lapping Surface Plate:
Easy and quick in embedding emery, which can ensure the surface is embedded with sufficient amount of emery and can be easily embedded the same type emery powder after using and smooth finish will be significant improved after further grinding.
Easy to achieve high degree of finish and grinding property that required by gauge block.
The surface plate is featured with good and persistent machinability and has a long service life.


研磨平板的研磨方法
Lapping Method.

用研磨工具和研磨剂，从铸铁平板工作面上去掉一层极薄表面层的精加工方法称作研磨加工，研磨加工一般可分为湿研、干研和半干研三种加工方式，通常用于铸铁平板表面处理的研磨方法是干研（即嵌砂研磨）。嵌砂研磨又可以分为三板互研法和二板互研法两种研磨方法。
Lapping finish is a precision machining process, in which a thin layer will be removed from the working surface of the cast iron plate by using grinding tools and abrasives. According to the process method, lapping method can be divided into wet lapping, dry lapping and semi-dry lapping. Dry lapping, also know as embedded emery lapping, is the common used finishing method for cast iron surface plate.


  三板互研法：所谓三板互研法是指三块平板互相之间依次互研，并且每块平板只能当下板两遍，实际共研磨6遍。使用这种方法压砂的好处是，三块研磨平板的平面度都很好，三块研磨平板的压砂效果基本一样，并且三块研磨平板都可以使用，不用经常压砂，缺点是加工时间长且每次加工必须制作三块相同的铸铁平板才能完成整个加工，也就是说制作一块研磨平板的成本和制作三块研磨平板的成本是一样的。
Three-piece Lapping Technique:
This type of lapping, involves three lapping plates, in which the three plates are supposed to lapping mutually in proper order and each plate to be lapped at the bottom position just for two times. So the total lapping times is 6.  This type of lapping can ensure all the three plates achieve  good flatness and similar sand embedded effect. But it always take a long lapping time and much more cost.

  二板互研法：也叫子母板压法，这种方法是只用两块研磨平板一上一下互研。用这种方法研磨压砂结果是，两块平板的平面度基本吻合，上面平板的平面度凹，下板的平面度凸，并且下板的压砂效果要比上板的好。由于上板中间凹，不容易修理量块，一般不用上板，只用下板这一块平板。
Two-piece Lapping Technique:

This type of lapping just require two plates to grind mutually. Embedded sand by this method will ensure the flatness of these two plates are coincided. The flatness and embedded sand effect of  lower plate are better than the upper one. So we just use the lower plate.
  所以研磨平台的研磨方法一般选择嵌砂形式的三板互研法，碰到只定做一块非标型号的研磨平板时为了降低成本通常会选用二板互研法。
研磨的详细加工步骤及分类可参照“表面处理-研磨加工”
So mutually lapping in three plates is the common used lapping method for Lapping Surface Plate. But if only one piece of non-standard custom-made Lapping surface plate is required.   Two Piece Lapping Technique will be chosen, in order to reduce the cost.

研磨平板材质的选择
       研磨平板的工作面硬度应稍低于被研工件，这样在研磨中可使研磨剂中的微小磨粒容易嵌入研磨平板表面从而对被研工件表面进行微量切削。反之，磨粒会嵌入工件表面，研磨时会造成对研磨平板切削的结果。但如果研磨平板的工作面过软的话，磨粒会全部嵌进研磨平板而失去研磨作用。所以研磨平板材质的组织结构应细密均匀且具有较好的耐磨性，以保证被研工件获得较高的尺寸、形状精度和较细的表面粗糙度。制作研磨平板的材质除了常用的灰铸铁、球墨铸铁，还可采用软钢、铜、巴氏合金和铅，后两种主要用于抛光铜合金制成的精密轴瓦或研磨软质零件。
Material selection:

The hardness of the lapping plate should be slightly lower than the workpiece to ensure the sand more easily embed to the lapping plate instead of the workpiece, in order to conduct micro cutting on the surface of the workpiece. But if the work surface of the lapping plate is too soft, the all abrasive will embed to the working surface, which will cause the lapping plate lose the grinding function. So close-grained and abrasive resistance material shall be used, to ensure the machined worpiece can achieve high precision size, shape and fine surface roughness. Except for the common used material( gray cast iron, ductile cast iron,), mild steel, copper, babbitt, and lead are also can be used for making lapping plate.


研磨平台的制作工艺
  铸铁研磨平台和铸铁检验平台的结构是一样的，分板筋式和箱式，材质为HT200-300.
  铸铁平台的精度好坏直接影响被检测工件的质量度，平台的平面精度至关重要。研磨平台采用“三块互研”法，即用相同规格的三块铸铁平板，轮番对研进行研磨，该方法是最直观，简便，也是最有较的方法，但对基准平板的要求有较好的平面度，且规格必须大于被修铸铁平板直至三块平板拖研均能得到理想的接触斑点。另一种方法是用一块精度较高的平台对被修平台进行研磨，直至接触斑点达到要求。
Technology of making lapping plate:
Cast Iron Lapping Plate has same structure with the inspection plate, which divide to rib type and box type. The material is the high-strength cast iron HT 200-HT 300. The accuracy of the cast iron plate directly affect the quality of the inspected workpiece,.

Lapping Surface Plate adopts three-piece lapping, In which process, three approximately flat surfaces are progressively refined to precise flatness by manual rubbing against each other in pairs with coloring matter in between then hand scraping off the high points. Any errors of flatness are removed by this scraping, since the only stable, mutually conjugate surface shape is a plane.

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